*Status of this pad = this is still very much a messy list - mapping. Under Construction. The source material has potential. Feel free to pick it up. Let me know.. Cheers, Wendy



*Questions at the base of this pad:
Rss feeds - syndication, how the universe of podcasts is morphing into the world of walled aggregators, such as iTunes/Apple podcasts, Spotify and Google. 
So it's about loose collections, coming together in media aggregators and podcatchers or podcast clients. What used to be a way to distribute content in/outside of the radio-universe is now becoming a business model (see Stitcher, the startup Gimlet being bought by Spotify, the market of Audible..) or being centralized. 
These are other (types of) aggregators, and more linked to certain parts of the planet: 
https://www.gpodder.net/directory/
https://fyyd.de/
Apple podcasts is gaining more and more territory, yet their lists are available up to a certain point. Of course, and very typical, aggregators have categories, something to look into if there's time and energy. 
https://www.thepodcasthost.com/planning/itunes-podcast-categories/

I want to look into 
- what categories the aggregators have 
- how is are aggregators potentially geographically or differently organized 
- how do you get access to the lists of podcasts and how are they (not)(inter)linked 
- can you still slurp RSS feeds differently and aggregate not according to ratings or standard categories? 

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >

*RSS
Rich Site Summary and Really Simple Syndication respectively)[2] is a  web feed[3] that allows users and applications to access updates to websites in a standardized, computer-readable format. These feeds can, for example, allow a user to keep track of many different websites in a single news/podcast aggregator. The aggregator will automatically check the RSS feed for new content, allowing the list to be automatically passed from website to website or from website to user. This passing of content is called web syndication. Websites usually use RSS feeds to publish frequently updated information, such as blog entries, news headlines, or episodes of audio and video series. RSS is also used to distribute podcasts. An RSS document (called "feed", "web feed",[4] or "channel") includes full or summarized text, and metadata, like publishing date and author's name. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS
Rss 2.0 specifications - Harvard Law: https://cyber.harvard.edu/rss/rss.html


*RSS for podcasts
RSS feed validators
-- W3C
https://validator.w3.org/feed/
-- Podbase
https://podba.se/validate/
-- Cast Feed validator
https://castfeedvalidator.com/

-- Decent overview on rss for podcasts, not neutral
https://castos.com/podcast-rss-feed/

-- Wordpress plugin that generates podcast rss - 
https://wordpress.org/plugins/seriously-simple-podcasting/

-> -> In the rss there are iTunes specific tags - see line XX

*
Some more podcast specific terminology
-- podcatcher = aggregator = podcast player
-- aggregator = collects, in this case rss feeds




*
*-- Questions to Unbound Libraries
----- Where do the iTunes specific tags come from?
At WWDC 2017, Apple announced iOS 11 and released information about new tags being added to the iTunes podcasting spec and coming support in the Apple Podcasts app.
https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2017/512/

----- How do they related to W3C? Or other standards?
----- The iTunes/Apple podcast aggregator data is available in a free software podcatcher called Antennapod. How is this possible? What does iTunes/Apple podcasts provide?
https://affiliate.itunes.apple.com/resources/documentation/itunes-store-web-service-search-api/
More open than the app store - less filtering on content of what the podcasts are about, contrary to the app store
----- Where do the Apple Podcast categories come from?\
Probably random and not very premeditated
    1. Arts (Contains Books, Design, Fashion & Beauty, Food, Performing Arts, & Visual Arts)
    2. Business (Contains Careers, Entrepreneurship, Investing, Management, Marketing, & Non-Profit)
    3. Comedy – (Contains Comedy Interviews, Improv, & Stand Up)
    4. Education (Contains Courses, How-To, Language Learning, Self-Improvement)
    5. Fiction – (Contains Comedy Fiction, Drama, Science Fiction)
    6. Government – No subcategories
    7. Health & Fitness – (Contains Alternative Health, Fitness, Medicine, Mental Health, Nutrition, & Sexuality)
    8. History – No subcategories
    9. Kids & Family – (Contains Education for Kids, Parenting, Pets & Animals, & Stories for Kids)
    10. Leisure – (Contains Animation & Manga, Automotive, Aviation, Crafts, Games, Hobbies, Home & Garden, Video Games)
    11. Music – (Contains Music Commentary, Music History, Music Interviews)
    12. News – (Contains Business News, Daily News, Entertainment News, News Commentary, Politics, Sports News, Tech News)
    13. Religion & Spirituality (Contains Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Religion, & Spirituality)
    14. Science – (Contains Astronomy, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Nature, Physics, & Social Sciences)
    15. Society & Culture (Contains Documentary, Personal Journals, Philosophy, Places & Travel, & Relationships)
    16. Sports – (Contains Baseball, Basketball, Cricket, Fantasy Sports, Football, Golf, Hockey, Rugby, Running, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis, Volleyball, Wilderness, Wrestling)
    17. Technology – No subcategories
    18. True Crime – No subcategories
    19. TV & Film – (Contains After Shows, Film History, Film Interviews, Film Reviews, & TV Reviews)


------ add this info to the Wikipedia page?
------ Shadow podcast aggregator mix-up - fyyd - gp
because, what is proposed to you dependes very much on how a system sees you, via your language, apple ID, Google account 



*Podcatchers - Aggregators


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_podcatchers

-- NPR one - Specific app for USA National Public radio
-- Apple Podcasts - formerly iTunes - seems like the dominant list at the moment. It's being used in other application (which means that currently the aggregator also serves the aggregated data for other software podcatchers -> the list is 'public')You do need an account and to pass the selection procedure to be in this list.



-- Google Podcasts - very much in the google universe, with google account etc
-- Pocket Casts

-- Pandora
-- Radio public
-- Deezer
-- Stitcher
-- Audible (amazon) - exclusive
-- Soundcloud

-- Gimlet bought by Spotify


In this tutorial on how to distribute your podcast the following becomes apparent
- rss is not even mentioned as a standalone option
https://medium.com/@editaud_io/7-places-your-podcast-needs-to-be-89318d96585c



*Conditions of aggregating
Apple Podcast requirements:
https://help.apple.com/itc/podcasts_connect/#/itc1723472cb
- Apple reviews podcasts before they are available

--> Own tags to integrate in the xml (rss feed sample : https://help.apple.com/itc/podcasts_connect/#/itcbaf351599 )
Apple podcasts partners
https://itunespartner.apple.com/en/podcasts/partnersearch
Apple Podcasts categories
https://help.apple.com/itc/podcasts_connect/#/itc9267a2f12

Historical
Website of 2004-2007 on Podcast xml
https://www.podcast411.com/howto_1.html


Podcast search engine
- Fyyd
German
uses the same categories as Apple podcasts
https://fyyd.de/
*
*

- Listennotes
https://www.listennotes.com/
- gpodder, podcatcher that also provides lists
https://www.gpodder.net/directory/
*



*Monetizing podcasts

Podcast hosting companies
Libsyn - distribute Rss for you ---> https://libsyn.com/onpublish/
https://libsyn.com/
Transistor - distribute your own rss
https://transistor.fm/

Castos (make WP plugin) - distribute Rss for you
https://castos.com/

Audioboom

Pinecast

Podcaster.de

Buzzsprout

Gimlet


Podcast distributor app
https://anchor.fm/

*Geographically elsewhere than USA
- Podcast search engine
https://fyyd.de/






*Podcast XML - RSS Feed

Podcast Rough Translation
https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510324/rough-translation

https://feeds.npr.org/510324/podcast.xml



*An Example Of A Podcast RSS Feed - from https://castos.com/podcast-rss-feed/
Below is what Apple Podcasts calls a “well-formed RSS feed example”.
*<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
*<rss version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"> 
*<channel> 
*<title>Hiking Treks</title> <link>https://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/</link> 
*<language>en-us</language> 
*<copyright>© 2019 John Appleseed</copyright> 
*<itunes:author>The Sunset Explorers</itunes:author> 
*<description> Love to get outdoors and discover nature's treasures? Hiking Treks is the show for you. We review hikes and excursions, review outdoor gear and interview a variety of naturalists and adventurers. Look for new episodes each week. 
*</description> 
*<itunes:type>serial</itunes:type> 
*<itunes:owner> <itunes:name>Sunset Explorers</itunes:name> 
*<itunes:email>mountainscape@icloud.com</itunes:email> 
* </itunes:owner> 
* <itunes:image 
*href="https://applehosted.podcasts.apple.com/hiking_treks/artwork.png
* /> 
*<itunes:category text="Sports"> 
*<itunes:category text="Wilderness"/> </itunes:category> 
*<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit> 
*<item> 
*<itunes:episodeType>trailer</itunes:episodeType> 
*<itunes:title>Hiking Treks Trailer</itunes:title> 
*<description> 
*<content:encoded> 
*<![CDATA[The Sunset Explorers share tips, techniques and recommendations for great hikes and adventures around the United States. Listen on 
*<a 
*href="https://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/">Apple Podcasts</a>.]]> 
*</content:encoded> 
*</description> 
*<enclosure 
*length="498537" 
*type="audio/mpeg" 
*url="http://example.com/podcasts/everything/AllAboutEverythingEpisode4.mp3
*/> 
*<guid>aae20190418</guid> 
*<pubDate>Tue, 8 Jan 2019 01:15:00 GMT</pubDate> 
*<itunes:duration>1079</itunes:duration> 
*<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit> 
*</item> 
* </channel> 
*</rss
You’ll notice tags like <language> and <itunes:category> are items that are set at the channel information level. And tags like <pubDate >and <itunes:episodeType> are set at the episode level.

*
*Screenshot voyage of media with podcasts
BBC World service: 
- RSS
- BBC SOUNDS
- on the dedicated website

*
BBC radio 4:
- in BBC Sounds
- on the dedicated website

*


De Standaard (Belgian newspaper)
- on the dedicated website
- Spotify, iTunes, Podcast Addict
- dedicated app
*
RTBF (Belgian radio and tv)
- RSS
- iTunes/Apple
- Download

*
Arte radio
- RSS
- Apple Podcast
- Souncloud (they forgot the d)
- Deezer
- Youtube
*
France Inter
- Rss
- Apple podcasts
*



RTVE
- Download
- listen on dedicated website

*



Radio 1 (Belgian Radio)
- Dedicated website
- Dedicated app
*

-----------------

Scene on radio
- Rss
- Apple podcasts
*
Rough Translation and most NPR podcasts (via the Npr platform itself)
- NPR one - dedicated app
- Apple podcats

*



*Creepy correlations
https://www.podcastinsights.com/podcast-statistics/
https://medium.com/acast/how-covid-19-is-changing-the-podcast-landscape-now-and-what-the-data-tells-us-about-the-future-81210e504aff
Podcasts are a series of audio files distributed over the internet using feed-based syndication [17, 21]. This paper proposes an anal-
ysis framework, called PodCred, which is especially designed to support prediction of user preferences regarding podcasts. Some
definitions liken podcasts to radio programs [8, 11]. However, there are three main differences between podcasting on the internet and
radio broadcasting. First, podcasting is targeted at a specific listener group with a focused interest. For this reason podcasting is
also referred to as narrowcasting [10]. Second, podcasts are created with the intention that they will be available for download in
the longer term and potentially reused [10]. Third, it is possible to produce and publish podcasts without specialized equipment [7].
As a result, the podosphere, the totality of all podcasts on the internet, contains a high proportion of unscripted, unedited, user gen-
erated content alongside professional content. Podcast listeners either subscribe to a podcast or download episodes individually for
listening. A podcast feed is published to the internet conforming to a feed standard (an XML standard). When a listener subscribes
to a podcast feed, new episodes are downloaded automatically by a feed aggregator. They can be directly loaded onto the listener’s
mp3 player, but can also be listened to on a computer.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221613878_PodCred_A_framework_for_analyzing_podcast_preference



*SORT
in other languages:
    - Arte (FR)
    - RTBF (not good quality)
    - DS 
    - France Culture
    - France Inter 

shadow library
spectrum of different degrees of publishing, that are not fully public
avoid indexation on Google
ubuweb is borderline: not hiding, server is in Mexico

subcultural libraries / zine libraries..
shadow publishing as it happens in mexico for example

US/ National Public Radio, PRX (brings media together), Radiotopia
https://www.radiotopia.fm/

advertising entering the podcast 'industry' too, in the voice of the presenters
compare lists of different aggregators

seen on radio from the center of documentary studies.. americo centric - isn't "scene on radio" ?? yes
99percent invisible
https://www.rtbf.be/webcreation/series-sonores/c-est-tout-meuf
https://www.rtbf.be/webcreation/series-sonores/salade-tout


--> Appel a projets : https://www.rtbf.be/webcreation/appels-a-projets/detail_nouvel-appel-a-projets-de-podcast-natif-dans-le-cadre-des-60-ans-d-independance-du-congo?id=10416099
https://www.rtbf.be/auvio/


Notes afterwards
Creepy correlations
https://www.podcastinsights.com/podcast-statistics/
https://medium.com/acast/how-covid-19-is-changing-the-podcast-landscape-now-and-what-the-data-tells-us-about-the-future-81210e504aff
Podcasts are a series of audio files distributed over the internet using feed-based syndication [17, 21]. This paper proposes an anal-
ysis framework, called PodCred, which is especially designed to support prediction of user preferences regarding podcasts. Some
definitions liken podcasts to radio programs [8, 11]. However, there are three main differences between podcasting on the internet and
radio broadcasting. First, podcasting is targeted at a specific listener group with a focused interest. For this reason podcasting is
also referred to as narrowcasting [10]. Second, podcasts are created with the intention that they will be available for download in
the longer term and potentially reused [10]. Third, it is possible to produce and publish podcasts without specialized equipment [7].
As a result, the podosphere, the totality of all podcasts on the internet, contains a high proportion of unscripted, unedited, user gen-
erated content alongside professional content. Podcast listeners either subscribe to a podcast or download episodes individually for
listening. A podcast feed is published to the internet conforming to a feed standard (an XML standard). When a listener subscribes
to a podcast feed, new episodes are downloaded automatically by a feed aggregator. They can be directly loaded onto the listener’s
mp3 player, but can also be listened to on a computer.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221613878_PodCred_A_framework_for_analyzing_podcast_preference



Notes of Conversation
- discovery - ratings based - popularity based
- change the language of you device 
tied to the region of your account
iOs & Apple - country via apple ID
regional versions of the API - also google
charts and discoverability
Cade - still in australia
no DHL app in germany
-- how a system sees you 
-- via your language
e.g. google

feeds
sense of temporality
following something 
frustrating
Not a lot of work on top of RSS as a concept
https://devontechnologies.com/ pattern matching & machine learning
RSS - use it an an achor point for what you are doing
Primary input to create hyperlocal relevances
Sidebar for content
Your Personal Search Assistant
peer to peer
secure
building hyperlocal connections
flexible
share on webdav and on wifi
it has interconnectivity in itself

each database you have, can be shared in different ways

 - sounds like Calibre - part where you can make a collection and share it
 tools like pushpin - still in demo fase - https://pushpin.org/ ?
 realtime = presence based
 not document based
 
-- syncthing folder - network of trust, different way of collaborating

minimum data-use
intermittency

Cade(Offline)11:40 AM
https://ranchero.com/netnewswire/
rr
rra(Offline)11:42 AM
https://jangernert.github.io/FeedReader/
ca
Cade(Offline)11:42 AM
https://www.reederapp.com/

https://github.com/shibacomputer/txt
https://gobby.github.io/
https://zim-wiki.org/downloads.html