NOTES TO THE CONFERENCE OF YVES POLIART - 27-04-2017 19th century inventions: telegrapf, telephone, phonograph, cinema -communication climat: industrialiastion beginning 20th century art movements futurism italien confrontation Music and Noise Marinetti: manifest futurist - chanter l'amour du danger - la vitesse, voiture, machinegun - glorify the guerre example futuriste: Luigio Russolo lieder with noise https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Russolo fore runner of noise of late 20th century constructiviste: progress, bolchévik the conductor Avraamov is on a tower, conducting the sounds that are made by the city canons, trains, cars example: 1922 Baku, symphony of sirens until now music was live in a room now it becomes possible to put music on a support, play music recording where you are, faire voyager la music Edgard Varèse scandal: entre mozart et tjaikowsky on y integre le piece de music (electronic) de Varèse: desert dans meme salle 2ieme scandal après stravinsky - sacre du printemps "Le scandale de la création de Déserts, le 2 décembre 1954 à Paris, le révèle pour une nouvelle génération de compositeurs classiques (dont Iannis Xenakis et Bruno Maderna) et populaires (comme Frank Zappa) qui ont reconnu en lui, bien plus qu'un « précurseur », un modèle à suivre et l'un des grands innovateurs du XXe siècle avec Stravinsky, Henry Cowell, Béla Bartók et Anton Webern." https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgard_Varèse George Antheil - Ballet Mécanique https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballet_m%C3%A9canique John Cage https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cage - hasard - ouvert - indetermination - instruments préparés: *paysage imaginaire no1: added sounds of a 'jeu tournedisque' *support d'un mémoire décontextualisé en instrument de musique -influence de la vie sur l'art et l'art sur la vie *objet du quotidien sur le piano *4'33" : marque du réel sur l'art theremin: radio avec oscilateur de fréquences + two metal rods (tiges) to produce tones by changing the distance of your hand to the pole https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9mine example: Saint Saens - the swan joué sur thérémin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSzTPGlNa5U Clara Rockmore from the album The art of the theremin soundtrack of films used often the teremin, for example: Spellbound by Hitchcock Yves plays example: the soundtrack of 'Ed Wood' the bio pic by Tim Burton sur Ed Wood (the worst film director in the world) teremin = suspence used a lot in science fiction films Robert Moog (inventeur de synthétiseur 'MOOG') he also improved the thérémine Theremin also used in rock such as John Spencer Blues Explosion, Led Zeppelin, ..... Return to the question how to turn musical supports, such as the record player, into a producing instrument, Pierre Schaeffer (FR) radio maker https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer to make music à partir des objets conrèts everyday objects -> la musique concrète décontextualisé les sons qu'il utilise l'attaque, le milieu, la remise (fade out) Schaeffer coupe dans les sons: travaille avec uniquement des milieus par exemples 1948 cinq étudesde Bruits Etude Violette 'matière perdue' Schaeffer avec Pierre Henri: "la symphony pour un homme seul" GRM = Groupe de Recherche Musicale 1 membre = Luc Ferrari example: "Presque rien no2" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vohdiXPN5nY Bernhard Parmegianni Musique Acousmatique example: Capture ephemere: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TcLzIm7rWY years 1940 - 50 this type of music is not 'popular' seperation: écrit: "musique savante" orale, non écrit: "non savante" musique populair: 'industry du son' Colombé crée pour Béjart ... Messe pour le temps présent Pierre Henri: Psyché Rock comment jouer cette musique en live ? Henri Chris Watson he was part of Cabaret Voltaire, important punk band in the 1980's. He made fieldrecordings, for example : the cracking of glaciers Métier is named: micro + macroscopy Yves plays example: extract from el train fantasmo, 2011 last travel of a train across mexico from ocean to ocean Terry Riley Minimalistes repetitives autre protagonist: Steve Reich he uses revox, connected tape recordes: one is reording, the other is playing direct what has been recorded, travail sur la temporalité 'drone' is a combined base sound they work with and that can change over a longer duration of time Radio studios 'at the time' were meant to transfer radio emissions but in the best studios such as WDR, BBC, ... there was often an experimental department combination between popular and 'elite' sound production BBC radiophonic workshop An important person in the studio was Daphne Oram - she worked with plaque de verres Example : Eton 1963 record published by trhe BBC RW: 'white noise - electric storm' song played: Love without sound 1969 Joe Meek first who invented the 'Concept Album' all the songs together tell a story his futuristic 'opera' is: I hear a new world, an outer space music fantasy Forbidden Planet sci fi film 1956 first 100% synthesized soundtrack "Forbidden Planet's innovative electronic music score, credited as "electronic tonalities", partly to avoid having to pay any of the film industry music guild fees,[citation needed] was composed by Bebe and Louis Barron. MGM producer Dore Schary discovered the couple quite by chance at a beatnik nightclub in Greenwich Village while on a family Christmas visit to New York City; Schary hired them on the spot to compose his film's musical score. While the theremin (which was not used in Forbidden Planet) had been used on the soundtrack of Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbound (1945), the Barrons' electronic composition is credited with being the first completely electronic film score; their soundtrack preceded the invention of the Moog synthesizer by eight years (1964)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_Planet Beatles: tomorrow never knows in this song, the studio is the most important instrument: " Tape loops prepared by the Beatles were mixed in and out of the Indian-inspired modal backing underpinned by a constant but non-standard drum pattern. It marked the first recorded use of reversed sounds in a pop song." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows Silver Apples / Simeon Coxe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Apples Simeon Coxe who performs on a primitive synthesizer of his own devising (also named The Simeon); and, until his death in 2005, drummer Danny Taylor. The group was active between 1967 and 1969, before reforming in the mid-1990s. electricité in the Jazz difficult, jazz has rested very acoustic *Miles Davis turned this around, turns jazz to modern age * excellent album: Bitches Brew he adds uncommon 'electric' elements - Piano Fender - added Basist electrique - effects: reverb, echo chambers, flangers etc * Herbie Hancock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbie_Hancock album sextet rhytm / jazz + pop + très sec + experiment * walter carlos = wendy carlos album: switched on bach Orange mécanique soundtrack made by carlos Intertreations of Bach by synthesizer * Don't forget also to listen to Laibach's super album LAIBACHKUNSTDERFUGE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAIBACHKUNSTDERFUGE Fugas par ordinateur * progrock -> want to make new classical music through rock krautrock -> (rock 'herbe' en Allemand) * "Until around 1973, the word "Deutsch-Rock" ("German Rock") was used to refer to the new groups from West Germany.[11] "Krautrock" was originally a humorous term coined in the early 1970s by British disc jockey John Peel[12] or by the UK music newspaper Melody Maker, in which experimental German bands found an early and enthusiastic following, and ironically retained by its practitioners.[13] The term derives from the ethnic slur "kraut", and its use by the music press was inspired by a track from Amon Düül's Psychedelic Underground titled "Mama Düül und Ihre Sauerkrautband Spielt Auf" ('Mama Düül and her Sauerkrautband Strike Up').[14][15][16] According to author Ulrich Adelt, it should be noted that "kraut" in German can refer to herbs, weeds, and drugs.[17] Other names thrown around by the British music press were "Teutonic rock" and "Götterdämmer rock".[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krautrock * Holger Czukay (Can) debut world music * short history of Kraut: https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2010/mar/30/elektronische-musik-krautrock * Harmonia pas de synthesiser, mais electronique pur: oscilateurs ... influence sur Brain Eno + David Bowie (low, heroes, lodger) Kraftwerk Autobahn - synth pop Jamaica : raggae is born - shadow is dub music Music is expensive : installed sound systems (truck with loads of speaker riding around everywhere) Dub : keep the drums + free space to put whatever we want : usually "toaster" : on blank space or B-side they would tell their stories -> this is how dub is born ! Dub is open to new creation, still in use today! Jamaica : -King Tubby -Lee Perry -> ark studio (directly on the ground) Junior Marvin - Root Strain 1st version then, one that is dub Color Box - baby I love you so -> white guys, mix with western sounds Digidub : Use of electronics for Dub music HipHop culture : breakdance+graffitti+rap DJ coolher : reusing that one moment that is groovy in a song by adding another turntable with the same disc, and make them overlap GrandmasterFlash is aslo West Street Mob - Breakdance Music is made from samples, so we can make some other music that is not only for party darkening of the genre - but keeping a unique groove Eric B Rakim - Follow the Leader telling a story Gansta Rap has the same sample all over again Turntable gives space for a lot of audio recycling experimentation that comes from the popular Christian Marclay - More Encore (album) (CH) plasticien/musicien each song is named after the one he steals music from Christian Marclay - Callas (monthy python-esque haha) That's it! (no time to get to techno and more!) * * *