NOTES TO THE CONFERENCE OF YVES POLIART -
27-04-2017
19th century
inventions:
telegrapf, telephone, phonograph, cinema
-communication
climat:
industrialiastion
beginning 20th century art movements
futurism italien
confrontation Music and Noise
Marinetti: manifest futurist
- chanter l'amour du danger
- la vitesse, voiture, machinegun
- glorify the guerre
example futuriste:
Luigio Russolo
lieder with noise
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Russolo
fore runner of noise of late 20th century
constructiviste:
progress, bolchévik
the conductor Avraamov is on a tower, conducting the sounds that are made by the city
canons, trains, cars
example: 1922 Baku, symphony of sirens
until now music was live in a room
now it becomes possible to put music on a support,
play music recording where you are, faire voyager la music
Edgard Varèse
scandal: entre mozart et tjaikowsky on y integre le piece de music (electronic) de Varèse: desert
dans meme salle 2ieme scandal après stravinsky - sacre du printemps
"Le scandale de la création de Déserts, le 2 décembre 1954 à Paris, le révèle pour une nouvelle génération de compositeurs classiques (dont Iannis Xenakis et Bruno Maderna) et populaires (comme Frank Zappa) qui ont reconnu en lui, bien plus qu'un « précurseur », un modèle à suivre et l'un des grands innovateurs du XXe siècle avec Stravinsky, Henry Cowell, Béla Bartók et Anton Webern."
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgard_Varèse
George Antheil - Ballet Mécanique
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballet_m%C3%A9canique
John Cage
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cage
- hasard
- ouvert
- indetermination
- instruments préparés:
- paysage imaginaire no1: added sounds of a 'jeu tournedisque'
- support d'un mémoire décontextualisé en instrument de musique
-influence de la vie sur l'art et l'art sur la vie
- objet du quotidien sur le piano
- 4'33" : marque du réel sur l'art
theremin: radio avec oscilateur de fréquences
+ two metal rods (tiges) to produce tones by changing the distance of your hand to the pole
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9mine
example: Saint Saens - the swan joué sur thérémin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSzTPGlNa5U
Clara Rockmore
from the album The art of the theremin
soundtrack of films used often the teremin,
for example: Spellbound by Hitchcock
Yves plays example: the soundtrack of 'Ed Wood' the bio pic by Tim Burton sur Ed Wood (the worst film director in the world)
teremin = suspence
used a lot in science fiction films
Robert Moog (inventeur de synthétiseur 'MOOG') he also improved the thérémine
Theremin also used in rock such as John Spencer Blues Explosion, Led Zeppelin, .....
Return to the question how to turn musical supports, such as the record player, into a producing instrument,
Pierre Schaeffer (FR) radio maker
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer
to make music à partir des objets conrèts
everyday objects
-> la musique concrète
décontextualisé les sons qu'il utilise
l'attaque, le milieu, la remise (fade out)
Schaeffer coupe dans les sons: travaille avec uniquement des milieus par exemples
1948 cinq étudesde Bruits Etude Violette
'matière perdue'
Schaeffer avec Pierre Henri: "la symphony pour un homme seul"
GRM = Groupe de Recherche Musicale
1 membre = Luc Ferrari
example: "Presque rien no2"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vohdiXPN5nY
Bernhard Parmegianni
Musique Acousmatique
example: Capture ephemere:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TcLzIm7rWY
years 1940 - 50 this type of music is not 'popular'
seperation:
écrit: "musique savante"
orale, non écrit: "non savante"
musique populair: 'industry du son'
Colombé crée pour Béjart ...
Messe pour le temps présent
Pierre Henri: Psyché Rock
comment jouer cette musique en live ?
Henri
Chris Watson
he was part of Cabaret Voltaire, important punk band in the
1980's.
He made fieldrecordings, for example : the cracking of glaciers
Métier is named: micro + macroscopy
Yves plays example: extract from el train fantasmo, 2011
last travel of a train across mexico from ocean to ocean
Terry Riley
Minimalistes repetitives
autre protagonist: Steve Reich
he uses revox, connected tape recordes: one is reording, the other is playing direct what has been recorded,
travail sur la temporalité
'drone' is a combined base sound they work with
and that can change over a longer duration of time
Radio studios 'at the time' were meant to transfer radio emissions
but in the best studios such as WDR, BBC, ...
there was often an experimental department
combination between popular and 'elite' sound production
BBC radiophonic workshop
An important person in the studio was Daphne Oram - she worked with plaque de verres
Example : Eton 1963
record published by trhe BBC RW:
'white noise - electric storm'
song played: Love without sound
1969
Joe Meek
first who invented the 'Concept Album'
all the songs together tell a story
his futuristic 'opera' is: I hear a new world, an outer space music fantasy
Forbidden Planet
sci fi film 1956
first 100% synthesized soundtrack
"Forbidden Planet's innovative electronic music score, credited as "electronic tonalities", partly to avoid having to pay any of the film industry music guild fees,[citation needed] was composed by Bebe and Louis Barron. MGM producer Dore Schary discovered the couple quite by chance at a beatnik nightclub in Greenwich Village while on a family Christmas visit to New York City; Schary hired them on the spot to compose his film's musical score. While the theremin (which was not used in Forbidden Planet) had been used on the soundtrack of Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbound (1945), the Barrons' electronic composition is credited with being the first completely electronic film score; their soundtrack preceded the invention of the Moog synthesizer by eight years (1964)."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_Planet
Beatles: tomorrow never knows
in this song, the studio is the most important instrument:
" Tape loops prepared by the Beatles were mixed in and out of the Indian-inspired modal backing underpinned by a constant but non-standard drum pattern. It marked the first recorded use of reversed sounds in a pop song."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows
Silver Apples / Simeon Coxe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Apples
Simeon Coxe who performs on a primitive synthesizer of his own devising (also named The Simeon); and, until his death in 2005, drummer Danny Taylor. The group was active between 1967 and 1969, before reforming in the mid-1990s.
electricité in the Jazz
difficult, jazz has rested very acoustic
- Miles Davis turned this around, turns jazz to modern age
-
excellent album: Bitches Brew
he adds uncommon 'electric' elements
- Piano Fender
- added Basist electrique
- effects: reverb, echo chambers, flangers etc
Herbie Hancock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbie_Hancock
album sextet
rhytm / jazz + pop + très sec + experiment
walter carlos = wendy carlos
album: switched on bach
Orange mécanique
soundtrack made by carlos
Intertreations of Bach by synthesizer
Don't forget also to listen to Laibach's super album
LAIBACHKUNSTDERFUGE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAIBACHKUNSTDERFUGE
Fugas par ordinateur
progrock -> want to make new classical music through rock
krautrock -> (rock 'herbe' en Allemand)
"Until around 1973, the word "Deutsch-Rock" ("German Rock") was used to refer to the new groups from West Germany.[11] "Krautrock" was originally a humorous term coined in the early 1970s by British disc jockey John Peel[12] or by the UK music newspaper Melody Maker, in which experimental German bands found an early and enthusiastic following, and ironically retained by its practitioners.[13] The term derives from the ethnic slur "kraut", and its use by the music press was inspired by a track from Amon Düül's Psychedelic Underground titled "Mama Düül und Ihre Sauerkrautband Spielt Auf" ('Mama Düül and her Sauerkrautband Strike Up').[14][15][16] According to author Ulrich Adelt, it should be noted that "kraut" in German can refer to herbs, weeds, and drugs.[17] Other names thrown around by the British music press were "Teutonic rock" and "Götterdämmer rock".[17]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krautrock
Holger Czukay (Can)
debut world music
short history of Kraut:
https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2010/mar/30/elektronische-musik-krautrock
Harmonia
pas de synthesiser, mais electronique pur: oscilateurs ...
influence sur Brain Eno + David Bowie (low, heroes, lodger)
Kraftwerk
Autobahn - synth pop
Jamaica : raggae is born - shadow is dub music
Music is expensive : installed sound systems (truck with loads of speaker riding around everywhere)
Dub : keep the drums + free space to put whatever we want : usually "toaster" : on blank space or B-side they would tell their stories
-> this is how dub is born !
Dub is open to new creation, still in use today!
Jamaica :
-King Tubby
-Lee Perry
-> ark studio (directly on the ground)
Junior Marvin - Root Strain
1st version then, one that is dub
Color Box - baby I love you so
-> white guys, mix with western sounds
Digidub :
Use of electronics for Dub music
HipHop culture : breakdance+graffitti+rap
DJ coolher : reusing that one moment that is groovy in a song by adding another turntable with the same disc, and make them overlap
GrandmasterFlash is aslo
West Street Mob - Breakdance
Music is made from samples, so we can make some other music that is not only for party
darkening of the genre - but keeping a unique groove
Eric B Rakim - Follow the Leader
telling a story
Gansta Rap has the same sample all over again
Turntable gives space for a lot of audio recycling
experimentation that comes from the popular
Christian Marclay - More Encore (album)
(CH) plasticien/musicien
each song is named after the one he steals music from
Christian Marclay - Callas
(monthy python-esque haha)
That's it!
(no time to get to techno and more!)