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http://gb.pad.constantvzw.org/p/documentation
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Printing with Wendy and Freyja

NOTES

Scanning with ginger coons (and An)

The problem with 3D-scanning software ...

You experience it ... for medical imaging. ultra-sound. at airports.
We are not talking about high-res scanning when dealing with consumer-level 3D scanning . rgbd camera: d for depth

Microsoft Kinect as an rgbd camera collecting rgbd data, tracks movement in space. hacked to be used as a scan ner

designed to track bodies in space
kinect (meant for games) -- hacked to use it as a scanner. works with red-light, based on P rime-sense Carmine ??

Open Frameworks project. Kyle Macdonald (?) kinect to stl ( https://github.com/kylemcdonald/Makerbot/tree/master/KinectToStl)

Makerware (not FLOSS, makerbot) to open stl (but that's only because it happens to be the default on my computer)
any 3D modelling software should be able to open an STL
STL is one of the standard interchange formats for 3D modelling/printing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29
3D scanning using Kinect: 2 kinds of drivers commonly used -- libfreenect and OpenNI
different drivers - low level software to make a piece of hardware talk to a computer.

a year ago prime-sense got bought by apple, and stopped selling C armine s canners, new kinects don't have it
asus made something too ( Asus Xtion) - but depended on that hardware.
the 3D Systems Sense scanner also uses the Carmine
You'll get it back in your new Iphone.... Ikea-app, you scan your room, they model where your furniture will go


Phil did a party balloon mapping session with students - [bad] aerial photography
the idea was to capture deliberatly 'bad' photos - i.e. not of the type, orientation quality etc that would be expected on, say, google maps. 
the image is just a 'capture', affected by the 'rig'

Reference: 
    Benjamin aranda/ Chris lasch , brooklyn pidg eon project
http://vimeo.com/91740004
http://arandalasch.com/works/the-brooklyn-pigeon-project/

Softwares:
- 'libfreenect' - free software to open kinect http://openkinect.org/wiki/Getting_Started#Official_packages
- 'open NI '
' - Sk anect' -> installed another library -> now nothing works anymore
-conflicts exist between different drivers for Carmine-based 3D scanners. Sometimes, installing one driver can prevent another driver from working.

diy scanning: game of drivers, hardware, softwares

- other approaches photogram e try: take 40 pictures in horizon around object, but (maybe? why?) very unuseful for human bodies, too slow
- 123 D C atch (also photogrammetry) for iphone/android (Autodesk); inside-3D better for architectural stuff

Conceptual/technical differences between different type of scanning:

Structured light scanning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured-light_3D_scanner
Hardware: high-end scanners, high precision (eg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c07iM1Unkfk or http://www.lmi3d.com/products/hdi/ )
Principle: Projecting bars/grids at an object, software makes interpolation
body deforms the grid
becomes a point cloud (? depends on the software used to interpret the data )
relation between 'grid' and 'software'
very dependent on the software, used for engineering
First surface!
--> you don't get the colour, you get the shape

Time of flight scanning
Hardware: kinect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-flight_camera
functions like the bat: sends out beams, scans objects locate-based
infrared light: time based measures the duration of the bounce just like a bat
Sends out infrared, bounces back.
First surface!
Measures time it takes between pictures. Like bats!
you don't get colour from this type of scan unless you also have an RGB camera incorporated into the scanner (like in a Kinect)
+ rgbd data: shape and colors
Kinect uses time of flight and RGB camera I can capture the shape and the colors

Photogramm etry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry
recovers exact points on the surface
F irst surface !
you just get colors and can extrapolate a shape , software extrapolates a shape
not so good for body scanning
shapes are extrapolated from colorspace

> All of the three above capture surfaces
make a point cloud ... and make that into a shape

Others (not DIY usually?):

Ultrasound

Milimiter wave scanning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_body_scanner#Millimeter_wave_scanners
airports
scans with radiowaves
it is a different "class" of s canning uses milimiter radiowaves
used for security mainly , can go through clothing and into skin but cannot get through leather 
probekms for woemn with prosthetic breast s (breasr cancer): there is something wrong with your chest! and you are talking about your breast cancer.
tuned to human skin (density)
'naked scanner'
leather counts as skin
lots of things show up as black if they are 'wrong' 
"there is something wrong with your chest"
in common use in US and UK (even when you're transiting, if you beep --> scanner)
http://stuffqueerpeopleneedtoknow.com/2012/04/23/navigating-updated-tsa-policies-for-transgender-people-and-sexual-assault-survivors/
piece of software that al g orithmically determines what is suspicious on your body, eveyone gets the same stick person, something highights on it when there is something suspicious -- AIT http://www.tsa.gov/ait-privacy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_body_scanner#mediaviewer/File:Mmw_large.jpg
https://publicintelligence.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/mmwave1.png

x-ray scanning
is not in use at airports anymore
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_body_scanner#mediaviewer/File:Backscatter_x-ray_image_woman.jpg

MRI scanning
The Visible Human Project
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_gallery.html

==================

Anthroprometric data collection
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry
Collection of detailed data about human body measurements
body as a map

information about people's bodies. Large data sets to come up with generalized data
Size USA; went around the country with millimeter wave scanning, gathered all data, now sell db to clothing companies for 20000$ ( http://www.tc2.com/products/body-scanner/size-usa-scanning-survey/ )
ANSUR II, similar to SizeUSA, but for/from the US Military ( http://www.dvidshub.net/video/144388/soldiers-participate-ansur-ii-survey-v20#.VGodYvasr3c)
Francis Galton: pioneer of anthroprometics and eugenics!: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry#mediaviewer/File:Galton_at_Bertillon%27s_(1893).jpg
eugenics: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics

The violence of anthropometric classification of humans: http://www.monitor.upeace.org/archive.cfm?id_article=707

'fidelity' ... you might as well draw from life?

That other project with the human bodies, The Parametric Human: http://parametrichuman.org/home/

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/mpeg/umd_video.mpg


==============================

Pierrick Picaut
Blender
www.blender.org

History of Blender
Tom Roosendaal = godfather. Blender foundation.
open source, lots of developments. Foundation gathers and selects.

Blender enhanced last 6-7 year through parallel development of short movies.
First one: 2006

Goal: find Blender's limitations
test software in practice
ex Elephant Dream, Big Buck bunny, Sintel, Tears of Steel (latest) . Now full feature movie.
every 6 months new version of Blender is released

it is crazy, hard to master!

3d-mesh
in 3d space you need vertex/vertices

surface is the smallest element/everything has a surface!

to set a surface, you need 3 points

a house in 2 minutes

everything in 3d is in the end created from triangles /is translated into triangles
imagine you are a sphere ... scanner will try to find your triangles

making 3d ... to do blender really, you need at least 2 weeks
dynamic sculpting - use blender as a sculptur with clean hands + undo!
use python ...

makehuman
'just think of a human as a car' 
it outputs products

creating base meshes
not too much memory needed , 4GB is enough, dual processor

.mhx = make human format

a rig = a fake skeleton
it takes a lot of time to generate a 'skeleton'

skinning ... you need to express relations ... limitations
it is hard to do a 3 armed skeleton
you cannot duplicate stuff easily, define every single connection
creating a skeleton = rigging. rig-i-fy

scanning = high density 3d-meshes , mesh ith unch of small 3D-triangles
combining models with scans, so using

what are relevant topologies?
your body = a map

'properly skinned' to bones, makes it move 'realistically'
-> wrinkle your skin, get idea of plastic chirurgies...

if you like taxidermy ... cut up your model
expose parts as flattened skin , 2D = UV map
"to clean up the uv map" is a lot of work

bump maps
'this is geometry, not a color'
wrap out and flat the skin 

you need to be economical with your polygons

baking the identity mesh : colours, details, absorb & reflect light...
then you can play with it, animate it

Phil Langley: Parametric imaginations of gender: Software, interfaces, parameters, scale, topology, topography

DIGITAL CONTROL:my mother was a computer - stolen borrowed appropriated from Katherine Hayles 
she was not talking about modeling
'computer' was a job-title once (you could be working as a computer) (eg: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_computer and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Computers )
interfaces as an architect, making things with software

object oriented environment - autodesk, industry standard.
it constrains by parametrics; 'space of possibilities'
T ools and interfaces in software
parametric architecture - always looks the same/different? illusion of variety but looking the same https://www.google.com/search?site=&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=&bih=&q=parametric+architecture&btnG=Search+by+image

topology (skeleton, rig; hard to change) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology)
topography (layers, instance, landscape, terrain, skin; easy to change) ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography)

space of possibility in make human: sliders (left is young, right is old)
what are these types of extremes tell us?

not just rigging, but also topography defines

parameters = measurement (?)
Teresa Burga , Face Structure Report, Self Portrait 1979
mannequin vs measurements of indiginous body in Chile
topography implies measurement

frenology

who is included in the measurement, standard?

parametrics = variety through stabilization?

measurement = property ?
comes from 'emergence' theory in physics
can we think about 'property' in non-essential ways

knife has a tendency to be hard vs when melted
can only cut when there is something to be cut: capacity to cut (= relational)

capacities & tendencies do not need to be real! they never have to happen to be real

limits and boundaries

parametrics are metric-based; move to 

deformation of mug to donut is a transformation of topography

topography is different, topology is the same
translate, rotate, shrink, flatten ...

topology comes from foundational mathematics
topography from geography

set-theory in relation to topology

topology is important for 3d technology
on blender, 
if you add points, there is another topology ; the more points, the more work
if you change the values of these points, you change topography. -> it changes 'category'/species
ex. of cheek: you blow it, it stays the same topology; you make a hole in it, topology changs -- topography is child of topology ex. mixer is topology, what you put in is topgraphy ;-)

in 3d: adding points, destroys topology
topography is always child of topology

it is vector thinking, not pixels!
topology vs topography
inkscape vs gimp
blender vs eh

two types of body topologies, but there are many more. 
endocrine, nerv ous are left out/lost in modeling

and external ones get projected back on to it
or facial detection/recognition: topologies projected on your face
face recognition software: topology

tensions between topography and topology

in architecture: morphology

body plan ... = topology. relates to an idea of species

evolution as the systematic topology of life

creating creatures in software. it is a contested issue, still

Controversies about theory of evolution
Alghorithms that take darwin litterally. A genetic algorithm
The problem is of course in 'some fitness criterion', and/or the lack of context

the blind watchmaker , richard dawkins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blind_Watchmaker

breed!
environmenr stability + topology of body plants 

ArchiKludge

comes with an idea of optimitization (or compr o mise); survival of the fittest -> is illusion because it leads to homogeneisation
fenotypes and genotypes 
fantasy of population control
Blender Game Engine: artificial intelligence biped / quadruped test on youtube

evolution theory in games/software. spore ... simcity

the mechanism of evolution: eat other creatures to get their genes :-)
species diagrams impliy relations and hierarchies that are not always true

seduction of this type of idea of variation ... there is something about it.
maybe it is about their clarity/hierarchy 

'emergent variations'
augmentations
algorithms tell stories about: breeding, species, organisms, fitnes, environment, evolution... modified ans diverged
stories is so called about infinite variety & infinite variations, but in fact this is not true

on Blender you cannot separate topology and topograhy, but both change together

emergence 

topology and topography changing together

in architecture: all is driven by topology, everything else is 'decoration'

'blender units'

you are never (it is hard) allowed to make changes in topology

transgenic changes
from biometrics to blender ... same discourse

it is hard to get out of this mindset ... why we would do so:
hierarchies
criteria have not changed?

controversial ideas in genetics ... genotype = genes -- fenotype is result gone through environment
but is behaviour part of genotype

is topology essence
hormones as a criteriae in sports, for female and male competitions
hormones define 
disabilities as extra-abilities
extrabilities

you cannot change your sex, it is chomosomes. hormones. (topology)
you can change your appearance, behaviour , genitals (topography)
difference between intersex and transgender

is topology an essence? and what if not?

where do we place topology in the body?

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Relating to the whole day. Borges, on the relationship between the map and the territory. "On exactitude in science" http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/08/bblonder/phys120/docs/borges.pdf ok will add to bibliotecha library :-)

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