http://pad.constantvzw.org/p/modifying.workshop
http://pad.constantvzw.org/p/modifying.feedback

Unicode crash course

All the tables with unicode points:
*https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference/1F000-1FFFF
Full emoji list:
*http://www.unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-list.html
*http://www.unicode.org/Public/emoji/2.0//emoji-data.txt
Full history of Emoji additions + source:
*http://unicode.org/emoji/charts/emoji-versions-sources.html
Chronology of Emoji additions:
*http://unicode.org/emoji/charts/emoji-versions.html
How to add a character:
*http://www.unicode.org/L2/summary.html
Hello My Name Is:
*http://patch.codes/talks/hello-my-name-is/
*https://github.com/patch/i18n-testing
*https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/i-can-text-you-a-pile-of-poo-but-i-cant-write-my-name
Denis Jacquery: Unicodes
*http://freeze.sh/_/2015/conversations/unicode
Original proposal to include skin tone modifiers:
*http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14213-skin-tone-mod.pdf
*
Reading list

*Barad, Karen “Posthumanist performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter”. In Deborah Orr (ed.), Belief, Bodies, and Being: Feminist Reflections on Embodiment. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
*Blas, Zach and Micha Cardenas, “Imaginary computational systems: queer technologies and transreal aesthetics”. AI & SOCIETY December 2013, Volume 28, Issue 4, pp 559-566. https://www.academia.edu/5349392/Imaginary_computational_systems_queer_technologies_and_transreal_aesthetics
*Bowker, Geoffrey and Leigh Star,  Susan: Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. The MIT Press, 1999
*Braidotti, Rosi, The Posthuman (Chapter: “The Inhuman: Life beyond Death”). Polity Press, 2013.
*Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong, Programmed Visions: Software and Memory (Chapter: “Invisibly Visible, Visibly, Invisible”). The MIT Press, 2011.
*Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong, “The Enduring Ephemeral, or the Future Is a Memory”. Critical Inquiry Vol. 35, No. 1 (Autumn 2008), pp. 148-171.
*McPherson, Tara, “U.S. Operating Systems at Mid-Century, The Intertwining of Race and UNIX”. In Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White (eds.), Race After the Internet. Routledge, 2011.
*Nakamura, Lisa, Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the Internet (Chapters: “Introduction” + “Avatars and the Visual Culture of Reproduction on the Web”). University of Minnesota Press, 2008.
*Adrian Mackenzie: Internationalization, software, universality and otherness (2006) http://www.academia.edu/2718598/Internationalization_software_universality_and_otherness

https://library.memoryoftheworld.org/#text=possible+bodies&property=all (library opens at irregular times)
*
Specific resources

Unicode Consortium Modifiers Proposal and Feedback
Proposed draft regarding the new Gender, Direction, Haircolor, Flags modifiers:
    http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr52/tr52-1.html 
Feedback so far on the proposed UTS #52:
*http://www.unicode.org/review/pri321/
Instructions regarding providing Unicode with feedback:
*http://www.unicode.org/review/index.html#feedback
*http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html
A radio interview in CBC Spark program for including the dumpling emoji (http://www.dumplingemoji.org/)
*http://www.cbc.ca/radio/spark/306-dumpling-emoji-data-anxiety-daydreaming-and-more-1.3402750/the-fight-to-legitimize-the-dumpling-emoji-1.3403570
*
Person With Ball icon variations:
    http://stuff2233.club/~arra/unicode/person_with_ball.html
    
The File for the unicode poster:
    http://stuff2233.club/~arra/unicode_poster/poster_h.html

Should these emojis be rendered differently?
Afroji proposal
*http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14229-afroji.pdf
Japanese emoji from the 90s
*http://web.archive.org/web/20060412183909/http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/service/imode/make/content/pictograph/list/index.html
Dingbat Liberation Fest:
    http://ospublish.constantvzw.org/foundry/dlf
African Emoji
http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/25/388945510/african-emoji-ceo-apple-missed-the-whole-point-with-its-diverse-emojis
    "Look at their new emoticons — it's all about skin colour," he told Vice's Motherboard.  "Diversity is not about skin colour — it's about embracing the multiple  cultures out there that have no digital representation."

Should everything be able to modify everything?
Summary of 2017 proposal for customizable emoji's
*http://blog.emojipedia.org/custom-emoji-a-summary/

Should we imagine the modifiers away from essentialist values?
Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1988) The validity and practicality of sun reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol 124; 869-871.
*http://www.arpansa.gov.au/pubs/RadiationProtection/FitzpatrickSkinType.pdf
Fitzpartrick scale vs uv index
*https://www.epa.gov/sunsafety/uv-index-scale-1
Bunny Girls
*http://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/emojis-for-dummies-the-essential-translation-guide
*http://www.dailydot.com/technology/emoji-bunny-ears-girls/
*
Should the modifiers be infinetely fine-grained?
"Unicode is on the verge of racism, scheduled for mid-2015"
"One reason the proposed Unicode code points have names with “Fitzpatrick” instead of “skin” is a requirement expressed by some members of the International Standards Organization that the word “skin” (the “S” word) not be used in character names, to avoid being offensive."
*http://tbishop.info/unicoderacism/

What unwanted (?) consequences could the implementation of extended modifiers have?
Segregated Instagram: 
"For instance, with the release of emoji skin color modifiers in 2014,  the world was offered five new tones ranging from dark brown to pink.  The default skin tone was then set to be an inhuman yellow, “similar to Homer Simpson or John Boehner,” noted Davis at the conference. The world now had a Black Santa. But when Instagram released its Emoji Hashtags, allowing search by emoji for the first time ever, it decided to keep all skin tones separate. A search for # pulls up different results than #. The result? A racially segregated Instagram."
*http://rhizome.org/editorial/2015/dec/08/uif618-your-ascii-goodbye/
Segregation Marketing:
"If you saw a trailer for Straight Outta Compton on Facebook, it was targeted at you based on your race—or, at least, based on what Facebook thinks is your race. People identified by the company as white, black, or Hispanic were shown different versions of the trailer."
*[LINK]
Making race an issue where there was none:
"Racialized emoji insert race into texts and tweets where it never would have arisen before."
*https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/04/10/how-apples-new-multicultural-emojis-are-more-racist-than-before/?tid=pm_opinions_pop_b

Extended resources

Unicode
*http://unicode-table.com/en/ 
*http://www.unicode.org/ 
*http://gallery3.constantvzw.org/var/resizes/VJ12_26-11/dsc03379.jpg?m=1454589182
*http://ospublish.constantvzw.org/nancy/
*Unicode Mailinglists http://www.unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/

Unicode Emoji
*http://web.archive.org/web/20060412183909/http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/service/imode/make/content/pictograph/list/index.html
*Full emoji list: http://www.unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-list.html
*Emoji additions by year: http://unicode.org/emoji/charts/emoji-versions.html
*Various unicode tables: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Character_reference
*Proposals for skin colors (Mike Davis): http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14213-skin-tone-mod.pdf (original Unicode proposal)
*Proposal including skin modifiers: http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr51 plus responses to #tr51: http://www.unicode.org/review/pri286/
*New proposal for combinable emojis http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr52/ plus responses to #tr52: http://www.unicode.org/review/pri321/
*Combined emojis currently available: http://www.unicode.org/emoji/charts/emoji-zwj-sequences.html

Unicode Technical:    
    How do character encodings work?
    http://kunststube.net/encoding/
    http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html

Fonts with large unicode coverage:
    (or 'different' representations of emoji)
    GNU Unifont (uses pixelized emojis) http://unifoundry.com/pub/unifont-8.0.01/unifont-8.0.01.bmp
    "Noto Color Emoji" https://www.google.com/get/noto/
    "Apple Color Emoji"
    "Segoe UI Emoji"
    Symbola http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/
Fonts on the unicode website
*"Noto Color Emoji","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",Times,Symbola,Aegyptus,Code2000,Code2001,Code2002,Musica,serif,LastResort;

Emoji Histories:
    http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08077r3-n3469.pdf

Emoji Usage: http://emojixpress.com/stats/

Unicode modifiers in action:
    the 'family' emojis are comprimised of the different emojis plus modifiers. In the whatsapp V 2.12.451 the family emoji can be deleted only in steps, showing the composition of the specific emoji:
        http://stuff2233.club/~arra/modifier.gif (each frame show me pressing delete once)

Two days with the shadowy emoji overlords
http://rhizome.org/editorial/2015/dec/08/uif618-your-ascii-goodbye/
"For instance, with the release of emoji skin color modifiers in 2014,  the world was offered five new tones ranging from dark brown to pink.  The default skin tone was then set to be an inhuman yellow, “similar to Homer Simpson or John Boehner,” noted Davis at the conference. The world now had a Black Santa. But when Instagram released its Emoji Hashtags, allowing search by emoji for the first time ever, it decided to keep all skin tones separate. A search for # pulls up different results than #. The result? A racially segregated Instagram."

"Bitmojis: The avatars of conversation"
http://rhizome.org/editorial/2016/feb/25/bitmojis-the-avatars-of-conversation/

Emoji history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji

Lack of Representation in Emoticons
https://vgboundaries4.wordpress.com/2015/02/25/representation-in-emoticons/

Diverse Emoji pre-Unicode update
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/12/prweb12414634.htm

Unicode is racist
http://tbishop.info/unicoderacism/

http://www.theverge.com/2016/2/8/10937830/dumpling-emoji-may-become-official-thanks-to-kickstarter
https://theintercept.com/2016/03/08/the-fbi-vs-apple-debate-just-got-less-white/
https://www.change.org/p/apple-and-google-support-equality-make-diverse-emojis
http://www.digitalpedagogylab.com/hybridped/humanizing-interface/
http://modelviewculture.com/pieces/social-media-and-academic-surveillance-the-ethics-of-digital-bodies
http://www.onthemedia.org/story/31-race-swap-experiment/transcript/
http://livestream.com/accounts/8366892/events/4291886/player?width=960&height=540&autoPlay=true&mute=false

Workshop references
The Eggplant Emoji Means Exactly What You Think It Means
http://motherboard.vice.com/read/its-a-dick

Anna Zett, Text-To-Speech
http://soycapitan.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Anna-Zett_Text-to-speech.pdf