DIVISION OF LABOR VS SPECIALIZATION OF WORK * specialization of work Distribution of roles: developer and user. hegemonic division of labour is directly related to the specialization of work? design collectives/designing for collectives * EXPECTATIONS what are expected of activists/ activists expectation of ready-made technologies (the opposite example being Ello?). <- is it about trust construction? No time spent, no effort made, always working; no effort needed (your work, not mine) EFFICIENCY, DELEGATION, TIME market vs. other efficiencies: Ulises Meijas, Johan Soderberg efficiency and need for delegation: Jo Freeman in these sneaky moments, which can be performed as states of exception regarding tools, time becomes the main value. * Time is valuable, affordance, in person and tool (SpiderAlex) * (Market) Efficiency as the bridge between two issues * -->>> in order to efficiently build universal infrastructure: delegation, specialization etc. are absolutely necessary as engineers do their service to society to provide universal service, a questioning of hegemonic divisions of labor is counter-productive/inefficient see open standards making (russell) who describes the theater they produce to conceal the interests at play: keeping governments at an arms length, allowing industry to negotiate its interests, and develop interoperable systems in which engineers can move around (working at different companies on a standardized system). * MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION material conditions through which these tools are produced and maintained something about freeing yourself from wagelabor? and reproductive issues: who maintains Sovereign Technologies: SpiderAlex disposession Butler "sustainable new institutional forms" geert lovink * [bridge to Universalism chapter] * *